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Sputnik 1 (; (ロシア語:Спутник-1) (:ˈsputnʲɪk) "Satellite-1", or ПС-1 (i.e. (ロシア語:Простейший Спутник-1) "Elementary Satellite 1" ))〔Siddiqi, Asif A.. ''Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge'', Gainesville, Florida. The University of Florida Press, 2003, p. 155. ISBN 0-8130-2627-X〕 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.〔(Walter A. McDougall ) "Shooting the Moon," ''American Heritage'', Winter 2010.〕〔"...On October 4, 1957 Sputnik I shot into orbit and forcibly opened the Space Age." Swenson, L, Jr, Grimwood, J. M. Alexander, C.C. ''This New Ocean, A History of Project Mercury'', Washington, D.C. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1966, p. 71. Library of Congress Card No. 66-62424〕 ''Sputnik'' itself provided scientists with valuable information, even though it was not equipped with scientific instruments. The density of the upper atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit, and the propagation of its radio signals gave information about the ionosphere. ''Sputnik 1'' was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at about , taking 96.2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz〔 〕 which were monitored by amateur radio operators throughout the world. The signals continued for 21 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October 1957.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Sputnik )〕 ''Sputnik 1'' burned up on 4 January 1958, as it fell from orbit upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, after travelling about 70 million km (43.5 million miles) and spending 3 months in orbit.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 Sputnik 1 – NSSDC ID: 1957-001B )〕 ==Before the launch== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sputnik 1」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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